Systems Installation

Systems Installation

Reference text for the systems installation area. Every rule below is stated from a printed line of the

2024 International Plumbing Code (IPC 2024) that carries it, or from a line of the Georgia rule

110-11-1-.26 that the state prints beside it, and the address of the line is given with the rule.

Numbers appear only where the printed line carries them.

This is the largest area of the Georgia master outline: it asks for the plumbing systems installation

activities themselves — interpreting plans and installing to them, sizing and installing water supply

and drainage and gas piping, assembling fixtures and fittings, locating and making the holes a system

passes through, supporting pipe on masonry, wood and metal, insulating water lines, installing

cleanouts, laying pipe in trenches and footing drains, flashing a vent terminal, fabricating fixture

support and mounting fixture carriers, and setting the fixtures themselves. The code answers most of it

in Chapter 3 for installation as such, in Chapter 4 for the fixtures, in Chapters 6 to 11 for each

system, and the Georgia rule detaches or replaces a printed list of provisions. Section 7 names what

the pieces filed here do not carry.

1. The scope the installation is carried out under

The general regulations chapter governs the installation of plumbing that is not specific to another

chapter (IPC 2024, 301.1), and its opening rule is the standard the whole area is judged against:

plumbing is installed with due regard to preservation of the strength of structural members and to

prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage (IPC 2024, 301.2). Fixtures,

drains, appurtenances and appliances that receive or discharge liquid waste or sewage are directly

connected to the sanitary drainage system of the building or premises, in accordance with the code,

which does not prevent the indirect waste systems Chapter 8 requires (IPC 2024, 301.3); and every

fixture, device or appliance that requires or uses water for its proper operation is directly or

indirectly connected to the water supply system in accordance with the code (IPC 2024, 301.4). Pipe,

tube and fitting sizes in the code are nominal or standard sizes as designated in the referenced

material standards unless otherwise indicated (IPC 2024, 301.5). A plumbing system is not located in an

elevator shaft or an elevator equipment room, with floor drains, sumps and sump pumps permitted at the

base of the shaft if they are indirectly connected and comply with the code's oil separator section

(IPC 2024, 301.6). Where the code and the manufacturer's installation instructions conflict, the more

restrictive provisions apply (IPC 2024, 301.7) — the same rule the state writes into its own general

applicability section, where the most restrictive requirement governs wherever different sections of

the code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements (GA-rule, l. 155).

Georgia adds its own opening to that scope. The general applicability section the state adds states, in

its first sentence, that the code applies to the erection, installation, alteration, repair,

relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing systems within the state of

Georgia, and hands the installation of fuel gas distribution piping and equipment, fuel-gas-fired water

heaters and water heater venting systems to the International Fuel Gas Code (GA-rule, l. 151). The state

also makes a class of fixture mandatory: the installation of high efficiency plumbing fixtures is

required in all new construction (GA-rule, l. 170), with a waiver a county or municipality may grant by

ordinance in the conditions the rule prints, among them a repair or renovation not replacing the

plumbing or sewage system serving toilets, faucets or shower heads, a system that would not function

properly if the required fixtures were installed, a privately owned well or gravity-flow spring serving

the owner's residence, and units designed for persons with disabilities, designed to withstand unusual

abuse or installation in a penal institution, or toilets for juveniles (GA-rule, l. 176, GA-rule, l.

177). Two provisions of the model code are removed from the installation subject in Georgia: the toilet

facilities required for workers are deleted entirely and without substitution (GA-rule, l. 217), and so

is the condensate disposal section (GA-rule, l. 225).

2. Materials, identification and openings

Every length of pipe and every pipe fitting, trap, fixture, material and device used in a plumbing

system bears the identification of its manufacturer and any markings its referenced standard requires

(IPC 2024, 303.1); materials are installed in strict accordance with the standards under which they were

accepted and approved, the manufacturer's instructions being followed in the absence of such

installation procedures, and the code applying where either does not conform to a minimum provision of

the code (IPC 2024, 303.2). Plastic pipe, fittings and components are third-party certified as

conforming to the printed NSF standard (IPC 2024, 303.3). Where openings have been made in walls, floors

or ceilings for the passage of pipes, the annular space between the pipe and the sides of the opening is

sealed with caulking materials or closed with gasketing systems compatible with the piping materials

and the locations (IPC 2024, 304.4). Pipe sizes are selected from the materials tables of the chapter

that owns the system, each of which prints the pipe and fitting materials permitted for that

application.

3. Protection of the pipe and of what surrounds it

Metallic piping other than cast iron, ductile iron and galvanized steel is kept out of direct contact

with steel framing members, concrete or cinder walls and floors and other masonry, and out of contact

with corrosive soil; where sheathing separates it, the sheathing is plastic at least 0.008 inch (8 mil)

(0.203 mm) thick, and where it crosses concrete or masonry walls or floors it is installed so that the

piping can move inside it (IPC 2024, 305.1). Piping is installed so that no strain or stress goes beyond

what it can structurally take, with provision against damage from expansion, contraction and settlement

where the situation calls for it (IPC 2024, 305.2). At a foundation wall the pipe is relieved by a

relieving arch or by a pipe sleeve built into the wall, the sleeve being two pipe sizes larger than the

pipe it receives (IPC 2024, 305.3). Water, soil and waste pipes are kept out of places subject to

freezing unless insulation, heat or both protect them, and exterior water supply piping is at least 6

inches (152 mm) below the frost line and 12 inches (305 mm) below grade (IPC 2024, 305.4). Georgia fills

in the one depth the model code leaves to the jurisdiction: building sewers are a minimum of 6 inches

(152.4 mm) below grade (GA-rule, l. 193) — in the model code that sentence carries a placeholder for the

jurisdiction to complete (IPC 2024, 305.4.1). Joints at the roof and around vent pipes are made

watertight with lead, copper, galvanized steel, aluminum, plastic or another approved flashing material,

and openings in exterior walls are likewise made watertight (IPC 2024, 305.5). Concealed piping other

than cast iron or galvanized steel that passes through holes or notches in studs, joists and similar

members within less than 1 1/2 inches of the nearest edge of the member is protected by steel shield

plates at least 0.0575 inch (No. 16 gage) thick, covering the notched or bored area (IPC 2024, 305.6,

IPC 2024, 305.6.1). Components installed along alleyways, driveways, parking garages or other exposed

locations are recessed into the wall or otherwise protected against damage (IPC 2024, 305.7).

Cutting the structure is its own subject. The cutting, notching and boring of structural wood framing

members complies with the building code's section for it (IPC 2024, 307.2), penetrations of floor and

ceiling assemblies and of assemblies required to have a fire-resistance rating are protected in

accordance with the International Building Code (IPC 2024, 307.4), and the general rule stands behind

both: installation preserves the strength of structural members (IPC 2024, 301.2).

4. Trenches, bedding and backfill

Buried piping is supported throughout its entire length (IPC 2024, 306.1). Where the bottom of the

trench forms the bed for the pipe, solid and continuous load-bearing support is provided between joints,

bell holes, hub holes and coupling holes are provided at the points where pipe is joined, the pipe is

not supported on blocks to grade, and a material manufacturer's more restrictive installation

instruction prevails (IPC 2024, 306.2). A trench excavated below the installation level of the pipe is

backfilled to that level with sand or fine gravel placed in layers not greater than 6 inches (152 mm)

deep and compacted after each placement (IPC 2024, 306.2.1). Rock encountered in trenching is removed to

not less than 3 inches (76 mm) below the installation level of the bottom of the pipe, and the trench is

backfilled to that level with sand tamped in place so as to provide uniform load-bearing support between

joints, the pipe and its joints never resting on rock at any point (IPC 2024, 306.2.2). Soft materials

of poor load-bearing quality at the bottom of the trench are stabilized by overexcavating not less than

two pipe diameters and backfilling to the installation level with fine gravel, crushed stone or a

concrete foundation bedded with sand tamped into place (IPC 2024, 306.2.3). Plastic sewer piping has an

insulated copper tracer wire or other approved conductor installed adjacent to and over its full length,

with access provided to the wire or the wire terminating at the cleanout between the building drain and

the building sewer; the wire is not less than 14 American Wire Gauge (2.5 mm²) with insulation listed

for direct burial (IPC 2024, 306.2.4). Where pipe is installed by tunneling or jacking, it is protected

from damage during installation and from subsequent uneven loading, and earth tunnels are provided with

adequate supporting structures against future settling or caving (IPC 2024, 306.4).

Georgia prints the backfilling rule in the state's own words, and it is a rule with layers and a

thickness in it. Loose earth free from rocks, broken concrete and frozen chunks is placed in the trench

in 6-inch (152.4 mm) layers and tamped in place until the crown of the pipe is covered by a minimum of 6

inches (152.4 mm) of tamped earth; the backfill under and beside the pipe is compacted for pipe support;

the backfill is brought up evenly on both sides of the pipe so that the pipe remains aligned; and where

the manufacturer's installation instructions for a material are more restrictive than the code, the

material is installed in accordance with the more restrictive requirement (GA-rule, l. 203). The state

also states when a trench may be closed: all excavations required for the installation of a building

sewer or building drainage system within the walls of a building are open trench work and are to be kept

open until the piping has been inspected, tested and approved (GA-rule, l. 209).

A footing drain — the subsoil drain the outline asks for — is built of open-jointed, horizontally split

or perforated pipe conforming to one of the printed standards, is not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in

diameter, is protected by an accessibly located backwater valve where the building is subject to

backwater, discharges to a trapped area drain, sump, dry well or approved location above ground, needs

neither a gastight cover nor a vent where it discharges to a subsoil sump, and has its sump and pumping

system complying with the code's pumping system section (IPC 2024, 1111.1).

5. Supporting the pipe

Plumbing piping is supported in accordance with the support section (IPC 2024, 308.1), and where

earthquake loads apply, supports, anchorage and bracing are designed for the seismic forces of the

International Building Code (IPC 2024, 308.2). Hangers, anchors and supports carry the piping and its

contents, and hangers and strapping are of approved material that does not promote galvanic action or

react with the piping (IPC 2024, 308.3); hangers and anchors are attached to the building construction

in an approved manner (IPC 2024, 308.4); and the interval of support is taken from the code's hanger

spacing table, with an exception for systems designed for expansion and contraction in accordance with

the engineered design provisions (IPC 2024, 308.5). Where horizontal pipes 4 inches (102 mm) and larger

convey drainage or waste and a fitting changes the direction of flow by more than 45 degrees, the piping

is sway-braced as the section requires (IPC 2024, 308.6). Anchorage restrains drainage piping from axial

movement (IPC 2024, 308.7), expansion joint fittings are installed where an expansion joint is used

(IPC 2024, 308.8), piping bundles for manifold systems are supported in accordance with the hanger

spacing table with support at changes in direction in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions —

hot water piping bundled with cold water piping being insulated (IPC 2024, 308.9) — and a thermal

expansion tank is supported in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and never by the piping

that connects to it (IPC 2024, 308.10). Georgia states the thermal expansion control rule that goes with

that tank: where a storage water heater is supplied with cold water passing through a check valve,

pressure reducing valve or backflow preventer, a thermal expansion control device is connected to the

heater's cold water supply pipe downstream of all check valves, pressure reducing valves, backflow

preventers and shutoff valves; the tank is located at least 18 inches of developed length from the cold

water inlet fitting, sized in accordance with the tank manufacturer's instructions, and sized so that

the system pressure does not exceed the code's limit (GA-rule, l. 872).

6. Setting the fixtures, and what each fixture asks for

Fixtures are set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls (IPC 2024, 405.3).

A water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet is not set closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its centre to

any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, adjacent such fixtures without a partition

between them are not closer than 30 inches (762 mm) centre to centre, there is not less than a 21-inch

(533 mm) clearance in front of each to any wall, fixture or door, and a water closet compartment is not

less than 30 inches (762 mm) wide and 60 inches (1524 mm) deep for a floor-mounted water closet or 56

inches (1422 mm) deep for a wall-hung one, with the printed exception for an accessible children's water

closet (IPC 2024, 405.3.1). A wall-hung water closet bowl is supported by a concealed metal carrier

attached to the building structural members so that strain is not transmitted to the fixture connector

or any other part of the plumbing system, the carrier conforming to the printed standard (IPC 2024,

405.4.3) — the fixture carrier the outline asks a master to mount. Where a fixture has an overflow, the

waste is designed and installed so that standing water will not rise in the overflow when the stopper is

closed and water will not remain in it when the fixture is empty (IPC 2024, 405.8). Slip joints are made

with an approved elastomeric gasket and installed only on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the

trap seal, and a fixture with concealed slip-joint connections has an access panel or utility space not

less than 12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or another approved arrangement (IPC 2024,

405.9). A fixture with a pumped waste complies with the printed standard and is installed in accordance

with the manufacturer's instructions (IPC 2024, 405.5).

Each fixture family then carries its own connection rules, and the ones a master installs most often are

these. An automatic clothes washer's water supply is protected against backflow by an air gap integral

with the machine or a backflow preventer installed in accordance with the backflow chapter (IPC 2024,

406.1); Georgia revises the waste connection of the same fixture — the waste discharges through an air

break into a standpipe or into a laundry sink, the trap and fixture drain are a minimum of 2 inches (51

mm) in diameter, the fixture drain connects to a building drain, branch drain or drainage stack a

minimum of 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter, and a washer discharging by gravity may drain to a waste

receptor or an approved trench drain (GA-rule, l. 382). A bathtub has a waste outlet of not less than

1 1/2 inches (38 mm) in diameter with a watertight stopper, and where an overflow is installed the

piping from it is connected upstream of the fixture trap and discharges to the trap whether the waste

outlet is closed or open (IPC 2024, 407.2). A commercial dishwashing machine's waste connection

complies with the indirect waste section (IPC 2024, 409.3). Faucets and fixture fittings conform to the

printed standard, faucets supplying drinking water comply with the drinking water standard, and flexible

water connectors exposed to continuous pressure comply with the connector section with access provided

to all of them (IPC 2024, 412.1, IPC 2024, 605.6); Georgia adds that high-efficiency lavatory faucets or

replacement aerators in private use, such as residences and apartments and private restrooms in hotels

and hospitals, are listed to the WaterSense specification for them (GA-rule, l. 404). Floor drains have

removable strainers, are constructed so as to be capable of being cleaned, have access to the drain

inlet and ready access, and have an outlet of not less than 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter (IPC 2024,

413.2, IPC 2024, 413.3); in public coin-operated laundries and the central washing facilities of

multiple-family dwellings the rooms containing automatic clothes washers have floor drains located to

readily drain the entire floor area, with an outlet of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) (IPC 2024, 413.4).

A domestic food waste disposer is connected to a drain of not less than 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) in diameter

and is provided with a supply of cold water protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow

preventer (IPC 2024, 416.2, IPC 2024, 416.4). Lavatories and group wash fixtures conform to the printed

standards (IPC 2024, 419.1); Georgia revises the tempered water rule for public hand-washing facilities —

tempered water may be delivered from lavatories and group wash fixtures in public toilet facilities

provided for customers, patrons and visitors, and if provided it is delivered through an approved

water-temperature limiting device conforming to the printed standard (GA-rule, l. 414). Prefabricated

showers and shower compartments conform to the printed standards (IPC 2024, 421.1), and Georgia revises

the shower water supply riser rule — risers from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, exposed or

concealed, are attached to the structure by support devices designed for the specific piping material or

by fittings anchored with corrosion-resistant screws (GA-rule, l. 424). Sinks conform to the printed

standards (IPC 2024, 422.1). Baptisteries, ornamental and lily pools, aquariums, fountain basins,

swimming pools and similar constructions with water supplies are protected against backflow (IPC 2024,

423.1).

The two water-flushed fixtures carry the longest printed requirements, and Georgia rewrites them.

Flushing devices are provided for each water closet, urinal, clinical sink and any fixture that depends

on trap siphonage (IPC 2024, 415.1); all parts in a flush tank have access for repair and replacement

(IPC 2024, 415.3.4); and flushometer valves and tanks comply with the printed standards, with access

provided to their vacuum breakers, of the water-conservation type, not used where the water pressure is

below the minimum for normal operation, completing their cycle automatically, provided with a means of

regulating flow, and refilling the fixture's trap seal after each cycle (IPC 2024, 415.2). Georgia

revises the urinal approval rule to require compliance with the water consumption requirements of the

code's maximum-flow table, to require high-efficiency urinals with pressurized flushing devices and

gravity flush tanks to be listed to the WaterSense specification for flushing urinals, and to regulate

non-water urinals: they conform to the printed standards, are cleaned and maintained in accordance with

the manufacturer's instructions, have a properly sized water distribution line roughed-in at a minimum

height of 56 inches (1422 mm) to allow an approved backflow prevention device to be installed on a later

retrofit, with shutoff valves located as close as possible to the distributing main, and have a minimum

of one water-supplied fixture rated at not less than one water supply fixture unit installed upstream on

the same drain line to facilitate drain line flow and rinsing (GA-rule, l. 434). Urinals may substitute

for water closets only to the percentages the code prints: not more than 67 percent of the required

water closets for males in assembly and educational occupancies, and not more than 50 percent in all

other occupancies (IPC 2024, 424.2). Georgia also revises the water closet approval rule, tying water

closets and their tanks to the water consumption requirements of the maximum-flow table, to the printed

hydraulic performance standards, and to the standards for high-efficiency single-flush and dual-flush

toilets (GA-rule, l. 446). A 4-inch by 3-inch (102 mm by 76 mm) closet bend is acceptable, and where a

3-inch (76 mm) bend is used a 4-inch by 3-inch flange is installed to receive the fixture horn (IPC 2024,

425.4). A whirlpool bathtub is installed and tested in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions,

and its pump is located above the weir of the fixture trap (IPC 2024, 426.2).

Two Georgia provisions change the fixture count a master installs to. The state deletes the service sink

requirements from the minimum-number-of-fixtures table entirely and without substitution (GA-rule, l.

249), and it adds a requirement to that table's residential lines: a detached single-family, duplex or

multi-family dwelling structure three stories or less in height has not less than two exterior hose

bibs, sill cocks or outside hydrants, one of them located on the side or rear of the structure, together

with one kitchen sink per dwelling unit and one automatic clothes washer connection per twenty dwelling

units in an apartment house or per dwelling unit in a one- or two-family dwelling (GA-rule, l. 339,

GA-rule, l. 364). The state also raises the threshold below which a drinking fountain is not required:

drinking fountains are not required for an occupant load of 25 or fewer (GA-rule, l. 392).

7. Installing the systems: drainage, vent, water supply and the gas that is not here

The drainage system is installed under the chapter that owns it, which sends its material rules by

application — above-ground drainage and vent pipe, underground building drainage and vent pipe and

building sewer pipe each have their own table (IPC 2024, 702.1, IPC 2024, 702.2, IPC 2024, 702.3) — and

under rules an installer works to every day. Sanitary drainage is connected to a public sewer, or where

none is available to a private sewage disposal system in compliance with state or local requirements or

with the private sewage disposal code (IPC 2024, 701.2); a building with fixtures intended for human

habitation on premises abutting a street, alley or easement containing a public sewer has its own

connection to that sewer, while multiple buildings on the same lot may connect to a common building

sewer (IPC 2024, 701.3). Horizontal drainage piping is installed at the slope the code's slope table

requires (IPC 2024, 704.1). Joints are made by the material rules of the joints chapter, and the joints

and connections the code prohibits are printed as a list — cement or concrete joints, mastic or hot-pour

bituminous joints, joints made with fittings not approved for the specific installation, joints between

different diameter pipes made with elastomeric rolling O-rings, solvent-cement joints between different

types of plastic pipe except where the code provides for them, and saddle-type fittings (IPC 2024,

707.1). Georgia adds an exception to that last one: saddle-type fittings may be used to connect

refrigerator ice makers and humidifiers to an existing residential unit water distribution system where

the manufacturer's installation instructions for the distribution piping do not prohibit them (GA-rule,

l. 833). Fittings are installed to guide sewage and waste in the direction of flow, changes in direction

being made by fittings installed in accordance with the code's table and combination fittings or

increasers being classified by the pattern of flow they create, with double sanitary tee patterns used

only for dry venting or for fixture drains 2 inches (51 mm) or smaller (GA-rule, l. 918); Georgia deletes

the heel- or side-inlet quarter bend section without substitution (GA-rule, l. 924).

Vent terminals and their flashing close the vent installation. A vent pipe terminates by extending to

the outdoors through the roof or the side wall in accordance with one of the methods the section

identifies (IPC 2024, 903.1), the juncture of each vent pipe with the roof line is made watertight by an

approved flashing (IPC 2024, 903.3), and where the printed outdoor design temperature is 0°F (−18°C) or

less a vent extension through a roof or wall is not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter, any increase

in size being made not less than 1 foot (305 mm) inside the thermal envelope (IPC 2024, 903.2). The

height of a roof extension is one of the values the model code leaves to the jurisdiction, and Georgia

fills it: open vent pipes extending through a roof terminate not less than 6 inches (152.4 mm) above the

roof (GA-rule, l. 954) — where the model code prints a placeholder for the number (IPC 2024, 903.1.1).

The vent system serving each building drain has not less than one vent pipe extending to the outdoors

(IPC 2024, 904.1).

The water supply installation is a material and valve sequence. Potable water is supplied to every

fixture requiring it, and the chapter's design and material provisions apply to the service pipe, the

distribution pipe and the fittings, each taken from its own table (IPC 2024, 603.1, IPC 2024, 605.3,

IPC 2024, 605.4). Full-open valves are installed in the locations the code lists, from the building

water service pipe near the curb through the entrance into the structure, the discharge side of every

water meter, the base of every riser and the top of every down-feed pipe to the water supply pipe of

every water heater (IPC 2024, 606.1); Georgia adds a location to the shutoff valve list — shutoff valves

to the water supply of refrigerators with automatic icemakers have access on the same floor as the

refrigerator (GA-rule, l. 855). Hot water is supplied as the state prints it: in residential occupancies

to fixtures and equipment used for bathing, washing, culinary purposes, cleansing, laundry or building

maintenance; in nonresidential occupancies for culinary purposes, cleansing, laundry or building

maintenance; and in nonresidential occupancies for bathing and washing except at hand-washing

facilities, accessible hand-washing facilities not being required to be supplied with hot or tempered

water (GA-rule, l. 866). Insulation of hot water piping is installed as the energy code requires for the

occupancy (IPC 2024, 607.5), and a bundle in a parallel water distribution system insulates the hot water

piping where hot and cold are bundled (IPC 2024, 308.9). The supply to plumbing fixtures is installed so

as to prevent backflow (IPC 2024, 608.2), and Georgia states the backflow rule for lawn irrigation as

its own: the potable supply to lawn irrigation systems is protected by an atmospheric-type vacuum

breaker, a pressure-type vacuum breaker, a double-check backflow prevention assembly or a reduced

pressure principle backflow preventer; valves are not installed downstream of an atmospheric vacuum

breaker; and where chemicals are introduced or interconnected chemical dispensers are used, the

protection is a reduced pressure principle backflow assembly (GA-rule, l. 882).

Storm drainage and pumped waste complete the installation. Roof drains conform to the printed standards

and, other than siphonic roof drains, are tested and rated in accordance with the printed standard

(IPC 2024, 1102.6). A sump's pump, pit and discharge piping conform to the code's sump provisions

(IPC 2024, 712.3); a sewage pump or sewage ejector automatically discharges the contents of the sump to

the building drainage system (IPC 2024, 712.4), has the capacity and head for the application, and where

it receives the discharge of water closets is capable of handling spherical solids up to and including 2

inches (51 mm) in diameter, other pumps or ejectors handling up to and including 1/2 inch (13 mm), with

the minimum capacity for the discharge pipe diameter taken from the code's table and the printed

exceptions for grinder pumps and macerating toilet assemblies (IPC 2024, 712.4.2). A storm pumping system

follows the same shape, its sump pump, pit and discharge piping conforming to the pumping system section

(IPC 2024, 1113.1).

Two outline items name work whose materials and methods do not come from this code. Gas piping is

installed under the International Fuel Gas Code, which the code's own scope names (IPC 2024, 101.2) and

which the first sentence of Georgia's general applicability section names too (GA-rule, l. 151): no gas

pipe material, sizing, joint, support or testing rule is stated in this text. And the industrial and

specialty piping the outline names — medical, air, vacuum — is carried by this code only as the special

piping and storage systems chapter, whose nonflammable medical gas provision is the one printed line

this text can point at (IPC 2024, 1202.1). Nothing further is asserted about either.